Repetition Blindness (RB) is a phenomenon observed in Rapid Serial Visual Presentation. Subjects are less likely to detect the repetition of a target stimulus than they are to detect a second, different target.
For example, a subject's chances of correctly reporting both appearances of the word "cat" in the RSVP stream "dog mouse cat elephant cat snake" are lower than their chances of reporting the third and fifth words in the stream "dog mouse cat elephant pig snake".
The precise mechanism underlying RB has been extensively debated. Nancy Kanwisher has argued that it involves failure to tokenize the second appearance of a repeated stimulus, leading to the second appearance being dropped from short term memory before it can be reported. However, Whittlesea and colleagues have argued that repetition blindness arises from a failure to properly reconstruct the list, both online and post list. This failure to properly reconstruct the list arises from the poor encoding cues that are the result of the RSVP task.
Kanwisher, N.G. (1987). Repetition blindness: Type recognition without token individuation. Cognition, 27, 117-143.
Whittlesea, W.A., Dorken, M.D., Podrouzek, K.W. (1995). Repeated events in rapid lists: Part 1. Encoding and representation. Journal of Experimental Psychology; Learning, Memory and Cognition, 21,6, 1670-1688.
Whittlesea, W.A., Podrouzek, K.W. (1995). Repeated events in rapid lists: Part 2. Remembering repetitions. Journal of Experimental Psychology; Learning, Memory and Cognition, 21,6, 1689-1697.